Metal-working machine



J. HARTNESS.

METAL WORKING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR.19,1907.

912,676. Patented Feb. 16, 1909.

10 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

7 RWSJM W I J. HARTNESS.

METAL WORKING MAGHINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR19,1907.

Patented Feb. 16, 1909.

10 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

J. HARTNESS.

METAL WORKING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR.19,1907.

J. HARTNESS.

METAL WORKING MACHINE.

APPLIOATION FILED APR. 19, 1907.

912,676, Patented Feb. 16, 1909.

10 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

J. HARTNESS.

METAL WORKING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR.19,1907.

Patented Feb. 16

10 SHEET-SHEET a.

J. HARTNESS.

METAL WORKING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR.19,1907.

912,676, Patented Feb. 16, 1909.

10 SHEETSSHEET 6.

226 228 M ufuTw I I I w nesses. FJQWMM J. HARTNESS.

METAL WORKING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR.19,1907.

Patented Feb. 16, 1909.

10 SHEETS-SHEET 7.

J. HARTNESS.

METAL WORKING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR.19, 1907.

Patented Feb. 16, 1909.

10 SHEETS-SHEET 9.

- ZUZ Znesses'.

J. HARTNESS.

METAL WORKING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 19, 1907.

Patented Feb. 16, 1909.

10 SHEETS-SHEET 10.

w ifihessesr JAMES HARTNESS, OF SPRINGFIELD; VERMONT.

- r a No. 912,678.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed April 19, 1907. Serial No. 369,054.

f METAL-WORKING mcrmm Patented Feb. 16, 1909.

To all whom it may concern: 1

Be it known that 1, JAMES HARTNESS, of

Springfield, in the county of Windsor and State of Vermont, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Metal- Working Machines, of which the following is a specification.

- This invention relates to metal-working machines and more particularly to those of the multi-spindle type in which a plurality of pieces of work are successively and simultaneously subjected to the operation of a series of tools. Such machines possess certain advantages over turret lathes, for, although thelatter are provided with a plurality of tools which may be brought successivelyinto o erative relation to the work, yet not more t an one or two tools can act at a time upon the work so that the other tools must remain idle until those, which are operating upon the work, have completed their operation. I In multi-spindle I machines, however, where there are a plurality of work-holding spindles, four for instance, and a plurality of tool-holding spindles, the tools may be all caused to operate simultaneously and hence the output is much greaterxthan that of a turret lathe. Theoretically the output of a multi-spindle machine 9n some kinds of work should be as much greater than the output of a turret machine havin a sin le workholding spindle, as would indicated b the ratio of the number of their work-ho ding spindles, but practically, on account of certain inherent structural characteristics, the output seldomapproaches the theoretical or ideal and on the same account the uniformity of the product is much below the standard of the single spindle machines.

Heretofore multi-spindle machines have usually been employed for bar work, such as in the manufacture of screws and similar small pieces of a diameter of not more than five-eighths or three-quarters of an inch, in which the highest standard of accuracy is not required, for reason that in such machines dependence must be placed on some iding member or rest to resist the springing of the work. Inasmuch as the work 15 more or less flexible and the guideways or bearings for the turret or barrel, in which are mounted the spindles (either for carrying the work or carrying the tools) are free enough to allow the necessary lateral adapta- "tion of the work to the tools or vice versa,

- such machines are unreliable and inaccurate in operation except for work of very small diameter. Moreover the range of work of multi-s indle machines, as heretofore constructe has been further limited by the practical impossibility of constructing the machine in such manner that all the workcarrying spindles will register with all of the tool-carrying spindles with the same accuracy. These two sets of spindles have always been arranged equi-distant about a common center, about which one set was caused to revolve toadvance the tools or the work, and the spindles of each set have always been arranged, necessarily, e ui-distant from each other.' Consequent y the greatest nicety and accuracy of construction and indexing have been essential to secure even imperfect results. With this necessary arrangement of spindles, no practical methods 0 construction and designing have provided a satisfactory adjustment of parts to compensate for the unequal wear which results from the use of the machine.

Another fault that has been inherent to multi-spindle machines, as heretofore designed, has been the absence of means for accomplishing independent length the turning tools. Although in such machines speclal mechanism has been rovided to run on and oil a 'screw-cuttin ie while the turning tools are in o eration, yet no general length-feeding mec anism for feedmg the turning tools independently of each other has been available, for the reason that in all such machines heretofore constructed, the len h feed of the tools has been secured by ceding the barrel or turret in which they are mounted, thus caus-.

ing them to travel forward and back simulfeeds of taneously and to the same extent. Another and serious fault in" such machines has been the impossibility of effecting a lateral adjustment or cross-feed of the tool and the work, and as a consequence, the workin range of the machine has been limited, an

it has been necessary to provide expensive tools made expressly for each piece of work in which a new position of the cutter was required. V

A structural defect in multi-spindle machines which has militated against the possibility of securing accurate work, is that the revolving head, which carries the works indles or the tool-spindles, yields under t action of almost any one of the cutters,

' other spindle to the 'taine so that, when one of the tools is cutting with nicety, it is disturbed by any other tool which is in action. As the cuts are not the same, every spindle sli htly dislocates every etriment of the finished product of the machine.

There are other serious faults and defects to be found in multi-spindle machines and in the operation known and many of which are remedied by my invention, but they need not be set forth in detail as they are apparent to those skilled in the art.

The present invention has for its object to remedy the evils and overcome the objectionable features and structural defects which I-have pointed out as existin in all previous multi-spindle machines, an at the same time to secure the benefits which result from the employment of a plurality of workcarrying spindles for work-carriers and a plurality of tool-carrying spindles or tool'- carriers, adapted for successive registration and simultaneous operation.

The invention has further for its object to provide a multi-spindle machine so constructed and designed that it will do the most exacting work that comes within the ran e of the turret lathe, to wit chucking. wor which requires not only a greater diameter capacity on the part of the tools, but also an accurate and reliable control for the tools; since on account of the character of the pieces of work undergoing operation, each tool must be carried in a true path in relation to the work, and, in most cases, without the employment or assistance of back rests or other guides.

.It has further been the object of the invention to provide a variety of improvements which may be embodied not only in multispindle machines, but also in other metal-. working machines for simplifying their construction or enhancing the efliciency of their operation.

In carr ing out my invention and obtainin the objects thus briefly referred to, the di culties of indexing the work and the tools are overcome by separating the work- 'carrying spindles or work-carriers to render them independent of each other, mounting them so that each may be moved laterally independently of the others, and providing a se arate or independent abutment for each 0 them. In consequence of this, each piece of work may be placed and mainwith the greatest accuracy in the exact relation to each tool which is to operate upon it. Therefore each piece of work, as it is brought into position to be acted upon by a tool, may be held and maintained in the precise position in which the tool may operate upon it to the best advantage. In addit on to this, a se arate adjustment is provided for each a utment so that the rela thereof, which are well- -work so that each "turning tion between each iece of work and any particular tool may be varied without affecting the relationship of said piece of work with all of the other tools as it is brought into working position with reference thereto, and without affecting the relations of the other pieces of work to that tool. These features are of the greatest importance s nce the ideal relation of every tool to every p1ece of work may be maintained without interference with the relations of the other tools to the other pieces of work; and the relation of each tool with each piece of work that is brought to it. may be instantly varied quite independently of the other tools or pieces of work.

The independence of the work-carrying spindles enables me to secure another 1 mportant result in that it permits the machine to perform the operation known as facing,-

since each work-carrying spindle may be moved laterally independently of the others to obtain a relative cross-feed of the tool and tool'may be used to face the work as well as to turnportions thereof at different distances from its center.

In the illustrated embodiment of the invention, cam mechanism is utilized to operate the controlling devices movement of the work-carrying spindle is effected or governed, and these may conveniently include a cam and controlling device near each tool spindle or tool-carrier, 'although where a drill is mountedupon one of the tool-spindles, the cam 'and controlling device for that particular spindle would not further important result,

be necessary.

from the independence of the which follows work-carrying spindles and the employment.

of separate abutments therefor, is that each tool has a minimum disturbing effect, when in operation, upon the other tools. This effect is still further decreased by pivoting the carriers, upon which .the work spindles are mounted, and arranging each abutment at a sufficient distance from the pivot to take the thrust ofthe Work without bringing an undue strain upon the pivot bearing. In order, however, that the strain upon the pivot bearing may be substantially eliminated and almost ideal conditions secured, the abutment for each work-spindle carrier, according to my invention, is arranged in line with the thrust of the tool upon the work. This of itself is a feature of the invention, and it may be embodied not only in multi-spindle machines, but also in metalwbrking machines of other types such as tur-- by which the lateral tool onthe work, of the operation of the other tools.

In the illustrated embodiment of the invention, the tool-carrying spindles are all -movable lengthwise independently of each other, and an independent cam motion is provided for each spindle, so that each spindle may be fed lengthwise to any desired extent and at any speed independently of all of the 'other spindles.

According to my invention, I further provide for rotating each piece of'work at any one of a number of speeds which is most desir'able for the character of the operation or =offthe tool which is to operate upon it. This I accomplish by providing a plurality of variable speeddriving mechanisms, one for each tool stpindle with means by which each work-spin ma? be rotated at .a different speed f'or'eajch too drivin For convenience, each driving mechan sm may receive its power fromaf'nme power shaft, and each is so construct" and arranged as to transmit an one ':of a plu-- rality ofspe'eds to'the wor -spindle which is temporarily connected thereto? The workspindles are successively connected-with the mechanisms as they are moved successive y from one tool to the other. fInv carrying out the invention, it may be embodied conveniently in a machine in which the work-carrying spindlesand the tool-carrying spindlesare arranged upright .or vertically, and, as a result, the machines occupy but little floor space and the operator may observe with ease the action of each tool upon each piece of work. -While this is a desirable feature of the invention, particu- "larly where the machine is designed for 'chucking,' nevertheless it is not essential."

ment' of Whether the machine be constructed with the spindles vertical or horizontal,it is do sir'able that the tool-spindles be arranged at unequal distances fromv eachother, since this irregular spacing of the tools bears a relation to the dimensionsof the entire machine, as it-takes only the 'necessai'yamount of space for each tool.- For. instance, the drill; and forming tools'req uire no lateral movement of the work-carr mg spindle and hence the stations for the ot er tools on each side of the drill may bebrought closer to the drill.

' The invention, in addition to the features thus referred to, comprises a number of valuable features of construction and arrangearts as illustrated in the accompanying rawings, set forth in the following specification, and pointed out in the claims.

Referring to said drawings,Figiire 1 represents an elevation of a machine embodying the invention. Fig. 2 represents a similar view with some of the parts in sec-- to the tool-carriers.-

leis connected to a driving mech-; anism as it comes into operative relation to the tool spindle; hence each piece of work,

tion, 'to illustrate the mechanism which drives the main cam-carrier and the'mechanism for moving the work-carrying spindles into successive potential working relation Fig. 3 represents a longitudinal vertical sectionthroiigh the machine. Fig. 4 represents a section, on a larger scale, of one of the tool-carriers, a work-carrier and its adjuncts, and the driving mechanism for effecting the rotation -of the work-carrier, together with the mechanisni for controlling the position or inoveremove them from one station to another;

Fig. 8 shows in section one of the friction plugs for frictionally engaging the ring with the wprk-carriers. Fig. 9 (Sheet 3) shows a convenient manner. of mounting one of the tools in its carrier. Fig. 10 (same sheet) represents in section the drill and its parts. Fig. 11- (Sheet 4) represents an enlarged section on the line 11, Fig. .4, through one of-the tool-carriers to show the means by which 'it'is moved longitudinally for lengthfeeds. Figs. 12, 13 and 14, represent in detail the means for disengaging the workcarriers from their driving mechanisms.

.Fig. 15 (Sheet 6) shows how the driving mechanisms are supported to move about the same axis and re resents in dotted lines the construction an arrangement of the variable speed gearing of which each is comprised. Fig. 16 represents one of the dr ving mechanisms and its box or casing. Fig. 17 represents a section on the line 17-17 of Fig.3. Fig. 18 represents a section on the line 18-18 of Fig. 3. Figs. 19 and 20 represent a forming tool which may be conveniently located at the drill-spindle station and means for operating it. Fig. 21 represents the forming tool and illustrates the same in potential working relation to the work on one of the work-carriers. Fig. 22 represents one of the tool-carriers, the head of one of the work-carriers, the driving mechanism for the work-carrier, and means for controlling the lateral movement of the workcarrier and the driving mechanism. Fig. 23

represents the end of the work-carrier with a piece of work therein, and a tool in potential workin relation 'to the work. .F 1g. 24

represents tie under side of the main camcarrier. Fig. 25 represents one of the cams for actuating a work-carrier head. Figs. 26

and 27 are other views of the cam-carrier.

Fig.,28 represents a horizontal section on and 33 illustrate the means by which the disconnecting devices are actuated from the main cam-carrier. Figs. 34:, 85, and 36, which may be read in conjunction with Fig. 8, represent in detail the means for operating the clutch which controls the mechanism for moving the work-carriers successively to the various tool-carriers.

Before attempting to explain 'in detail the machine which I- have illustrated upon the drawings as embodying one form of the invention, I wish to make itclear that the invention is not limited tothat particular machine, that the machin'eis shown more or less conventionally, without attempting to show the gxact' dimensions of the various parts, that a number of the features of the invention may be embodied in machines which are not of the multi-spindletype, and that the phraseology which I have adopted in the following specification and claims is for the purpose of description and not of limitation.

Reduced to its simplest chine shown upon the drawings would comprise a longitudinally movable tool-carrier, a rotatable work-carrier pivoted to'swing about an axis parallel to the axis of rotation of said work-carrier, whereby it may be moved'laterally when the work is in potential working relation to the tool for effecting a lateral adjustment of the work or a cross-"feed thereof, a driving mechanism for the work, and means for effecting or ontrolling the lateral movement of the workcarrler. The'machlne, as illustrated, comprises a plurality of eachof these elements, the tool-carriers for convenience being journaled in a single head, and the work-carriers and the driving mechanisms being laterally movable independently of each other.

. For convenience of construction and operation, a single cam-carrier is mounted to move about an axis which is coincident with the axis about which the work-earners and the driving mechanisms are movable, and

upon, said cam-carrier are mounted the various independent cams which effect or control the len h-feeds of the tool-carriers and the cross eds (wherever they are .necessary) of the work-carriers. For each of the work-carriers there is a separate and independently adjustable abutment for determining the exact relation between the tool and the work when the former is acting operated by a trolling or efiecting the lateral movement work carriers are form, the ma adapted for chucking,

upon the latter; but, in addition thereto, there is located in proximity'toeach toolcarrier a separate controlling .mechanism,

cam on the carrier, for, coilof the work-carrier and its drivingmechanism, each controlling mechanism being itself adjustable to compensate for differences in the various tools which maybe employed on the tool-carriers. Each driving mechanism consists of variable speed gearing mounted in a head or gear-box which is laterally movable, as previously stated, said gearing including clutches whereby different speeds may be imparted to the workcarriers as occasion requires. For convenience, the various drlving mechanisms, re-

eeive their power from a centrally arranged driving shaft. As the machine, illustrated upon the drawings, is of the multi-spindle type, mechanism is provided for moving each work-carrier or work-spindle successively into registration with each tool-caradjacent thereto, means being provided for 'r-ier and :the driving mechanism which is clutching or connecting each work-carrier to the driving mechanism as it reaches a position where the tool is in potential working relation to the work carried thereby. The illustrated as being mounted, for the sake of convenience, a common pivot, and mechanism is provided by which said work-carriers are automatically moved about said pivot from station to station, or from one tool-carrier to the next, when the operations of the various tools upon the pieces of work are finished.

As the illustrated machine is particularly I have shown it with the tool-carriers and work-carriers upright or with their axes perpendicular, but I have other positions.

Having thus given a scription of the machine, and describe the same in detail, reference being had to the drawings. Said machine is illustrated as comprising a bed which is substantially frusto-conical in shape. It comprises two parts or sections 50 51, which are divided on a horizontal plane and are contemplated .arranglng said carriers inbrief general deupon I will now explain secured together by bolts or other suitable fastenings. The bed is hollow and is provided at intervals with apertures through which access may be had to the .various operati-ve'parts of the machine. Arranged 1n the center of the bed is an upright shaft 52, as best shown in Fig. 3, from *which, as will be'subsequently explained, power is transmitted to the various "independent driving mechanisms for 1. the work-carriers. The lower end of this shaft'is stepped in a bushing 53 secured in the base-plate 54 of the bed, and its upperend is journaled in bearings 55 56 afiorded by a superstructure at 57, 58, 59 and 60, the carrier 60 being especially adapted for a drill.

Referring to Figs. 3 and 4, it will be observed that the upper portion 51 of the bed is formed with a horizontal web 61, located a relatively short distance above the upper end of the lower section 50 of the bed. A second. transverse web 62 is formed at the upper end of the upper section 51, and in the -two webs or partitions 61,62 are mounted the three spindles or tool-carriers 57, 58 and 59. These webs or partitions are formed with apertures encircled by annular tapering flanges to receive taper split bushings by which each spindle may be held in place and permitted to slide longitudinally.

The shape of the tool-carriers may be varied, although, for all general purposes, a cylindrical bar, such as Illustrated, serves the purpose.

.In Fig. 9 I have shown the lower end of a tool-carrier and have illustrated how a ,for the drill is mounted in a tubular way 66 which may be integral with the other cutter. or tool 63 is attached thereto.

The carrier is shown as having a slot 64 in the end thereof, adapted to receive the shank of the cutter. Screws 65, passed laterally into the carrier, engage the tool or cutter and clam it at two separated points securely in pace. The cutter projects but a short distance beyond the end of its relatively large carrier so that there is little chance of the tool springing when cutting. In this connection; I desire to point out that the toolcarriers or spindles are mounted practically at their ends so that they too are rigidly supported and are rendered practically incapable of springing. The various carriers 58 to 60, although adapted toslide longitudinally, are held against rotation by means which I shall explain. v

The drill and its caWz'e-r.-The carrier 60 guideportions ofthe head 51, as shown in Fig. 3.

;In this carrier is journaled a live spindle 67 (see Fig. 10,-Sheet 3), whose lower end is adapted for the reception of a drill 68. The

lower end of the drill spindle 67 is formed with a shoulder, between which and a shoulder in the carrier are placed balls 69 to resist the upward thrust of the spindle'and to reduce the friction. On the drill spindle I 67 is secured a collar 70 which bears against the upper end of the carrier 60 so as to hold the drill against downward movement relativelyto said carrier. The upper end of the spindle 67 projects through a head 71 which closes the upper end of the tubular guideway 66, and splined to said spindle is a gear T2to which power is transmitted from the central driving shaft'52 by. a set of change gears. Any .suitable form of change gearing may be utilized for the urpose of transmitting to the drill spind c any one of a plurality of speeds. A convenient form is illustrated comprising three gears 73, 74 'and 75, graduated in size arid splined to the shaft 52 so as to rotate therewith. On an intermediate shaft 76 are three gears 77, 78 and 7 9 pinned or otherwise rigidly secured thereto and separated far enough apart so that the three gears 73, 74 and 75 may be caused to separately intermesh with them so as to drive the intermediate shaft 76 at any one of three different speeds. The gear 77 intermeshes with and drives the ear 72 to which the drill spindle 67 is spline The shaft 76 is journaled in bearings afforded tively to the work independently of each other. That is to say, each carrier may be moved any predetermined distance and at any rate of speed independently of the other carriers. To accomplish this, any suitable form of power-transmitting mechanism may be utilized, although, as previously stated, I have found it convenient to utilize a single oscillatory cam-carrier provided with detachable cams, one for each tool-carrier. The cam-carrier is indicated at 80. It consists of aring or cylinder which is supported by a track or circular guideway 81 formed on the upper section or portion 51 of the bed, and it is arranged concentrically with the shaft 52. The tool-carriers are arranged equi-distant from the shaft 52 and they are encircled by the cam-carrier 80, as best shown in Fig. 3. The cam-carrier is provided with an inwardly extending flange 83 (see Fig. 4) which is overlapped by gibs 84 secured to the exterior of the upper portion 51 of the bed. The flange 83 is formed with a concentric shoulder which engages the inner surface of the track 81 so that the cam-carrier is held against lateral movement in addition to being held against axial movement by'means of the gibs 84. The cams, by which the toolcarrlers are fed lengthwise, are indicated at 85 (See Figs. 2, 3, 26, 27, 28 and 29) and are shown conventionally. Each cam is secured to the interior surface of the carrier and is formed with a semi-spiral, track or groove.

Any convenient form of securing means may be utilized to attach the cams to the carrier; for instance, the cam-carrier may be prober of these clamping members be used to secure each cam dlslocatlon on the carrier.

tool-carriers is attached a roll for engageserved that each ment with the cam by which said carrler is actuated. q 5

Referring to Figs. 4: and 11, it will be obcarrier is formed with a dovetailed groove 89 to receive a sliding block 90. This block projects beyond the periphery of the carrier and extends into a groove 91 formed in the outer wall of the upper portion of the bed so as to hold the carrier against rotation about its axis. From the block passes a headed pin 92 on which there is a roller. 93 projecting into the groove in the cam 85. Pinned in the slot 89 in each carrier is another block or abutment 94: in which is journaled a screw-pin 95 in threaded engagement with the roll-carrying block 90. Collars are secured upon the pin 95 to hold 1t against axial movement relatively to the block 9 1, and the upperend of the pin is squared so. that, by means of a suitable tool or wrench, it may be rotated to adjust the carrier longitudinally relatively to the cam 85 and the rollcarrying block 90. By means of these adjusting devices, each toolcarrler may be adjusted axially relatively to the work with great nicety to compensate for variations in the cutters and for variations in theposi'tion of the cams. As thus explained, it is clear that each tool-carrier may be axially adjusted independently of every other carrier and is independently actuated to secure length-feeds. of the tools at any speed and to any extent. I

The cam-caml'er and its actuating mechanzsme.- The cam-carrier is oscillated about its axis of movement, and-to accomplish this, any su table mechanism may be utilized. A convenient form of mechanism is illustrated,

which may be described as follows: The inwardly projecting flange 83 on the camcarrier is formed with bevel gear teeth as.

indicated at 96 (see Figs. Qfl and 27). These teeth are engaged by gears 97 98, 98,(see Fig. 6) secured upon shafts 99, 100, 100, wh ch are arranged in the same horizontal plane and extend radially outward from the axis of movement of the cam-carrier. On the inner end-of each of the shafts there is a bevel'gear 101 which intermeshes with a bevel gear 102, loosely mounted upon the shaft 52. Said bevel gear 102 has an extended hub, the upper end of which serves as a bushing between the shaft 52 and a bearing 103 formed in a small dome 104, which extends upwardly from the transverse part1- v tion or web 61 of the upper portion of the to effect its Preferably ing tool.

bed. This dome incloses the bevel gear 102 and the gears 101, and has bearings through which the shafts 99, 100, 100 extend out Ward. Power is transmitted from means to be subsequently explainedto the shaft 99 and is distri uted through the gears 102, 101 and the shafts 100 to the cam-carrier ovement in one direction or the other about its axis. I may dispense with the distributing gearing and drive the cam directly by means of the shaft, the gear 97 and the gear teeth on the carrier, but for reasons, which will be apparent, the distributing gearing may be used to advantage. By employing the distributing gearing, am able to dispense with hub, for the cam-carrier, thus converting it into a ring or hollow cylinder instead of a wheel. In the form of a ring, may pass over the tool-carrying spindles without interference, thus permitting a compact arrangement, which is not possible with a cam-wheel having a central bearing. Fur- I a central pivot or Y I the carrier thermore, a cam-carrying face passes closely to each of the four spindles, so as to drive them directly without intermediate arms or levers. This scheme of driving a cam-carrier at several points near its perlphery, insures a steadiness of motion that would be a desirable improvement even in cam wheels having central bearings. The mechanism which transmits power to the shaft 99 is preferably of such character that'the camcarrier may be moved first in one direction and then in the other at diiferent speeds. the mechanism is constructed and arranged so that, in addition to the variation in the angles of the lndividual tool-acting cams, the cam-carrier will be actuated so that all the tool-carriers will be moved to retract the tools rapidly, after operation is andv also to advance them rapidly to the operating position of the first engag- The further variations are 0 the individual cams, as the camcomplete,

tained by carrier is slowly moved.

A convenient form of driving mechanism for the cam-carrier is illustrated upon the drawings and may be described as follows: The shaft 99 projects outward beyond the cam-carrier and is equipped with a gear 107 to which power is transmitted from power transmitting gearing inclosed in a gear-box or casing 106 secured to the head in any suitable way. The initial or prime power a shaft of the machine is shown at 108 (see Figs. 2 and 6). It is journaled in any convenient manner and is adapted to be driven by a loose pulley 109 and a clutch 110, the latter being moved into and out of operative position by a lever 111. This lever is fulcrumed' in a bracket 112 and extends downwardly into convenient reach of the operator. The shaft 108 has rigidly secured to it a pinion-113, between which and the gear 107 on the shaft 99 is interposed the following variable speed and reverse gearing. Journaled inthe casing 106 is a shaft 114, having at one end'a gear 115 interme shing with the gear 113 and at its other end a bevel gear 116. The last-mentioned gear intermeshes with and drives a complemental bevel gear117 on an upright worm-shaft 118. 'A worm 119, on said shaft, intermeshes with and drives a worm-gear 120, mounted on a shaft 121, arranged. horizontally in the gear-box. The worm is loose upon the shaft 121 and there is a clutch mechanism 123 by which the worm-gear maybe clutched th the shaft 121 to rotate it and transmit power to the gear 107 through a pinion 124 on said shaft 121 intermeshing with said gear. When the worm-gear is clutched to the shaft 121, shaft 99 is rotated at a slow speed forward to advance the tool-carriers longitudinally of the work.

To advance the cam-carrier rapidly in one direction, and then retract it rapidly, I mount upon the lower end of the worm-shaft 118 a bevel gear 122 which intermeshes with and drives a bevel gear 125, mounted loosely on a shaft 126 in the gear-box. said shaft being parallel to the shaft 121. The bevel gear 125 is loose upon the shaft and in proximity thereto there is secured to said shaft 126 a gear 127' intermeshing with and driving a gear 128 on the shaft 121. A suitable clutch mechanism is interposed between the bevelgear 125 and the gear 127, so that, when the worm-wheel 120 is unclutched from its shaft 121 and the bevel-gear 125 is clutched to the gear 127, the shaft 99 will be rotated to move the cam-carrier at a rapid speed forward so as to move the tool-carriers from their raised or retracted position into position where the tools may begin the operation upon the wor The bevel-gear 122 also interm'eshes with a bevel-gear 129, which is loosely mounted on the shaft 126. .Adjacent the bevel gear 129 there" is a gear 130 on the shaft 126, which intermeshes with and drives a gear 131 on the shaft 121, and which may be clutched to the bevel-gear 128. The bevel-gear 129 is rotated in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the bevel-gear 125, and hence, when the bevel-gear 129 is clutched to the gear 130, the shaft 121 and the shaft 99, will be rotated in a direction to retract the cam-carrier or move it in a reverse direction at a rapid speed, so as to cause the rapid retraction or raising of the tool-carriers.

Mechanism is provided for automatically operati the three clutches herein referred to. The clutch 123 is controlled by a rod 132 which enters the shaft 121. The gears 127 and 125 and the gears 129 and 130 are clutched together or moved to neutral position by rod 133, which enters the shaft 126. The mechanism by which the rods 132 and 133 effect the operation of their respective clutches need not be described in'detail, any convenient mechanism being utilized for this purpose. The two rods 132, .133 are respectively operated by levers 134, 135, fulcrumed on are pivoted connecting rods 136, 137, the former being connected to a lever, 138 and the latter to a lever 139, which levers are pivotedupon any convenient supports afforded by the bed. The main cam-carrier is providedwith cams which effect the swinging of the levers 138, 139 at the proper times to throw in and out the clutches. To this end,- the cam-carrier 80 is provided with a peripheral .fiange 140 (see Figs. 24 and 28), to the under side of which are adjustably attached cams conventionally shown at 141,

142, 143, 144 and 145., see Fig. 6. The cams 145 and 142 act indirectly upon the lever 13 to respectively clutch and unclutch the wormgear 120 to the shaft 131- and thereby cause the main cam-carrier to move slowly to feed the tool-carriers when the tools are in work ing position, and then to stop the slow movement of the cam-carrier and the tool-carriers. The cams 144 and 141 act indirectly upon the lever 139 in the order named, first, to unclutch the reverse gear 129 from the gear 130 and clutch the ear 125 to the gear 127, and thereby cause t lie cam-carrier to be rotated to feed the tools downward or towards the work at a rapid "speed, and, second, to unclutch the gear 127 from thegear 125 so as to stop the rapid feeding movement of the tool-carrier's, and leave the gears 125, 127, 129 and 130 in neutral or unclutched positions. The cam 143 is concentric to the shaft 52 and it engages a roll on the'end of the lever 139 in the neutral position to which it was moved by cam 141, and then releases it to permit it to move under spring pressure to clutch the reverse gear 129 to the gear 130, and cause the cam-carrier to be rotated reversely at a rapid speedto retract the toolcarriers. The cams are so located, that the gears for feeding the cam-carrier ata high' speed forward to move the tools down rapidly are unclutched simultaneously with the throwing-in of the clutch which causes the cam-carrier to be moved forward slowly to feed the tool-carriers while the cutters are acting upon the pieces of work, and that when the slow feeding movement of the camcarrier ceases, by reason of the unclutching of the clutch 123, as when the tools have all finished their operations upon the work, the reverse gears 129 and 130 are simultaneously therewith clutched together to cause the camcarrier to be rotated reverselyat high speed. To cause the movement of said levers, there is pivoted ,upon the fulcrum of each an auxiliary lever which is moved by spring pressure after beingactuated by the cams. These auxiliary levers are indicated at 148 and 149.

brackets extending from the end. ,of the box or casing 106. To the said levers others. These work-carriers are indicated in They have pins 150, 151 which may be enimparted to the main lever. When the auxiliary lever is thrown from one side to the other, the spring-pressed pin, which bears against it, moves it to its extreme limit of movement and causes it to move. the corresponding main lever by spring pressure. This is not an essential detail. of the construction of the machine and any other suitable mechanism may be utilized in lieu thereof, for.effecting the operation of the clutchcontrolling levers. I have shown and described it, merely as being something that will accomplish the end which I desire to secure, to wit; the proper actuation of the clutches which control the movement of the main cam-carrier.

It will now be understood, from the description thus far given, that the cam-carrier is moved first in one direction at a high speed to move the tool-carriers rapidly into positions where the tools may act upon the work,

and then slowly in the same direction while the tools are performing their allotted operatlons, and that the cam-carrier is then rotated rapidly. in the opposite direction to rapidly retract the tool-carriers and move them away from the work into inactive positions.

Workcarriera-In the illustrated ma Ehine, there are as many work-carriers as there are tool-carriers, but, as previously stated, instead of having a fixed lateral relation, they are independent so that each may be moved laterally without affecting the Figs. 3, 4,17 and 31 at 152. Each consists of a live spindle provided at its upper end with a chuck 153. Each is mounted in a head 154 which may be formed of a casting having a closed upper end. Each head is formed or provided with a hood 155 which partially encircles the chuck and theworki 157, 158 which are journaled upon a sleeve 159 which surrounds the shaft 52. As a detail of construction, the upper end of the sleeve 159 is formed with a collar 160, which is supported by a plate 161, attached to the web or partition 61 of the upper portion of the bed. The arms 157, 158 of the difi'erent headslie in different horizontal planes but the arms of each head are separated as far apart as possible and are arranged as nearly as may be to the ends of each head so as to prevent it from springing or yielding. The heads are so constructed that the live spindles 152 carried by them are equi-distantfrom the axis. of the shaft 52 and of the sleeve 159', and each spindle may be brought into position so that its axis is coincident with the axis of each one of the tool-carriers. The arm 158, of each head is supported against dropping by a split collar inserted between it and the sleeve 159 and arranged in a peripheral groove in said sleeve. Each head is provided with split taper bushings in which its particular work-carrier or spmdle 152 is journaled and suitable provision is made for resistin the axial or downward thrust of each spindle. In addition to the spindle, each head is provided with a shaft 162 journaled in bearings in said head and held yieldingly downward by a spring 163 and a pin 164; bearing against a lug on the head. Each shaft 162 has a gear 165 intermeshing with and driving a gear 166 on the spindle to which it is adjacent.

Mechanism for moving worlccarrier heads.Mechanism is provided for simultaneously moving all of the heads about the sleeve 159 so as to advance each piece of work from one tool to the next tool which is to operate upon it, and in addition thereto mechanism is provided for moving each head and the work-carrier thereon transversely'independently of the other heads and workcarriers. Now although the tool-carriers are all equi-distant from a common center, yet they are not equi-distant from each other, as will be seen by an inspection of Figs. 5 and 6, and hence, during the simultaneous movement of all of the heads, some heads and tool-carriers will be moved further than others or through arcs of different lengths. Where a drill is employed as one of the tools to operate upon the work, it is unnecessary for the work-carrier and its head to be moved -laterally, except for adjustment, after the toolsmay be employed for facing the work .orcutting shoulders thereon (as, for instance, facing a hub or a rim of a wheel or cutting an internal shoulder in the hub),

and hence it is desirable that, when each work-carrier reaches a position where such a cutter is in potential working relation thereto, as in Fig. 23, the work-carrier should be capable of moving laterally or transversely to secure a cross-feed ofthe tool and the work. Preferably the tool-carriers 58 and 59 will carry such tools. Therefore it will be seen that the tool-carriers 58 'and'59 are at a greater distance from each other and from the carriers 57 and 60 than the carrier each is moved successively into registration head as shown in Figs with each of the tool-carriers, are all capable ofindependent lateral adjustmentand lateral movement for cross-feeding.

The mechanism for advancing the work- ..carriers from station to station or from tool to tool" simultaneously may be of any convenient form, but I have illustrated upon the drawings one form of mechanism which may be utilized for the purpose. It comprises a, bevel toothed friction ring 167, the upper face of which engages an overhanging portion of each work-carrying 2 and 4. To each work-carrier there is secured a block 168, having a spring-pressed pin (see Fig. 8 and Figs. 34L and 36), which maintains the frictional engagement of the friction ring 167 with the heads. Intermeshing with the teeth on said ring 167 is a bevel-gear 169 mounted loosely on a shaft 170 arranged horizontally and journaled in a bracket in the bed as shown in Fig. 2. This shaft bears on its outer end a bevel-gear 171 intermeshing with and driven by a similar bevel-gear 172 on an upright connecting shaft 17 3. Said shaft 172-3 extends into the casing 106 hereinbefore described, and bears upon its upper end a bevel-gear 174- which intermeshes with both the fast speed bevelears 125 and 129 previously described. ower is transmitted through the shafts and gearing thus described tothe gear 169 which rotates the friction ring 167 and effects the movement of the work-carriers from station to station. Between the gear 169 and the-shaft 170 there is a clutch 175, which is o erated by mechanism to be explained, to c utch the shaft and gear together after the tools have completed their cutting operations and the pieces of work are ready to be moved to the next stations.

The clutch operating mechanism is controlled by a cam on the main cam-carrier and may be seen in Figs. 2, 3, 4, 31, 32, 33, 3-1 and By reference to said figures, it will be seen that there is a ring 176 which is pivotally supported upon arms 177 formed or securedon shafts 17 8 journaled in bearings afforded by the lower portion of the bed, said shafts extending through said bed so as to be accessible on the outside thereof. By rocking said shafts, or any one of them, said ring 176 will be lifted and at the same time will be partially rotated. The ring is provided with a cam or off-set portion 179 which enters a groove in the sliding member of the clutch 176 (see Figs. 8 and 34), so that, when said ring is moved about its axis, the movable member of the clutch will be thrown into and out of operative position. Normally the clutch-member is in the position shown in Fig. 8 in which it is disengaged from its complemental clutch member. After the cutters have completed their operations upon the pieces of work, the rin -is moved and the clutch member is carried to the position shown in Fig. 35, in consequence of which the friction ring 167 will be rotated so as to cause the simultaneous advancement of all of the work-carriers. On one or more of the shafts 178 is mounted a handle 180, as shown in Fig. 4, so that the clutch-controlling ring may be shifted manually whenever desired to effect the actuation of the headmoving friction ring. Another of the shafts 178 is provided with an arm 181which extends substantially horizontally, as shown in Figs. 32 and 33. Above the said arm is arranged a vertical rod 182 which rests thereon and which is adapted to slide in guides 183, 184 on the bed. This rod is adapted to be depressed by a cam 185 adjustably secured to the under side of the laterally projecting flange 140 of the main cam-carrier 80 (see Fig. Since the camcarrier oscillates, the cam 185 must move in one direction without depressing the rod 182, but should depress it when the carrier moves in the opposite direction. To this end there is pivoted upon the upper end of the rod 182 a spring-pressed trip latch 186, so that, when the carrier is moving in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 32, the rod will be de- 'hold the rod depressed and the clutch-operating ring 17 6 raised and thereby to maintain the clutch in its active position, until the work-carrying heads have all had a chance to be moved to their next succeeding stations. The clutch-operating ring 176 performs another function which I will subsequently explain in connection with the driving mechanisms for the work-carriers.

Independent ucljusfablc (lbut'mcms for we]-fi--c(u'rirrs.--l have stated that there is a se 7il1tlt0 abutment for each workcarrying heal, by which any predetern'iined relation between any cutter and each piece of work as it is brought into potential working relation thereto may be secured and maintaiued. Each abutment, which is movable into and out. of active position, is arranged to engage the work-carrying heads in succession substantially in line with the thrust of the cutter upon the work in the workcarrier, which of itself is an important feature of the invention.- .-Adjustably attached to the under face of the web 61 of the upper each toolecarrier. f These blocks are shown in Fig. 4 at l87. They are rigidly secured to the bed and each of them is provided with a movable'abutment member 188 fitting in a,-'deep slot therein. This member, as shown is Fig. 4,is pivoted upon the pin 189 and may be raised, as shown in said figure, to clear the heads and permit them to pass under it. Each of the members has an ad-' justable pin, screw or projection 190 which may be engaged by a complemental adjustable screw or pin 191 at the upper end of each of the heads. As illustrated, the screw or pin 191 is secured in the hood of each head. When the member 188 is dropped, the projection or pin 190 will register with the pin or screw 191, and since the projection 190 has a fixed relation to the cutter and the screw or pin 191 has a fixed relation to the work-carrier and the work thereon, their engagement will determine the exact relation of the tool to the work. Each of the projections 190 is adjustable transversely of the tool as stated, and hence each head may be stopped at any exact point which may be desired for any particular tool. That is to say :When each of the pieces -of work has reached a position where the cutting tool is in' potential relation thereto (that is, has reached a position as in Fig. 23 where, if all conditions were perfect, the cutter, if advanced longitudinally far enough towards the work, could cut), the workcarrier and its head may be moved bodily transversely of the Work-axis to adjust the work relatively to the tool. This may be done by adjusting either the pinv 190 or the pin 191. These abutments Wlll probably be used only at one station for finishing the work, or for the drill, but they will be ready for use at the other stations. The movable members of the abutments are moved into and out of operative positions by automatic mechanism controlled by the ring 176 hereinbefore referred to which advances the work-carriers. To this end, as shown in Figs. 1, 4 and 31, there is connected to the ring 176 by rods 192 a ring 193, withwhich the abutments 188 are loosely connected by hooks 1931. \Vhen the ring'17 6 is lifted and rotated just before the work-carrying heads are bodily moved to the next succeedmg stations, the ring 193 is raised by it and the abutments are thereby withdrawn to permit the passage of said heads beneath them, be-' ing dropped again before the Work-carriers "reach their next positions or stations.

So far as I am aware, no one has ever heretofore pivoted a work-carrier to move about" its pivot transversely of the axis of the work to bring it into potential working relation to the too1-"and employed in connection therewith means for adjusting the tool-carrier and the work-carrier transversely relatively to each other, and this I believe to be new.

Gross feeding mechanism.-The independent cross-feeds, which are obtained by moving each work-carrier relatively to the toolcarrier transversely of the work-axis, are accomplished by the following mechanism: J ournaled in bearings 194, 195, formed on or secured to the upper and lower portions of the bed respectively, are rock-shafts 196. There is one of these rock-shafts to each tool-carrier (except the drill-carrier, and there may be one for that also in case said carrier should be used for another kind of tool), and each is provided with a bell-crank comprising a hub or sleeve 197, a roll-carrying arm 198 at its upper end, and a second roll-carrying arm 199 adjacent its lower end,

see Figs. 1, 4, 6, and 17. The arm 198 of each bell-crank is adjustable about the axis of the hub or sleeve 197, relatively to the arm l99,and to this end the arm 199 is formed on a separate hub 200, pinned to the shaft 196. Said arm 199 is adjustably securedto a supplemental arm 201 on the hub 197 by a bolt or pin 202. The arms 199 are shaped as shown in Fig. 17 and each is formed with a curved slot 203 to receive the securin pin or bolt 202. The arm 198 of each of t 1e bellcranks is provided with a roll, as previously stated, said rolls being engaged by independent cams 201 secured to the under face of the flange 140 of the main cam-carrier 80, as best shown in Fig. 24. These cams which are shown conventionally are so constructed that each one of them will impart a crossfeed of the same character to eachworkcarrier corresponding to said cam. In Fig.

24: only three cams are shown since the machine has been described as being provided with a drill, and it is unnecessary of course to provide any cross-feed for the work-carrier which is presenting the work to the drill. These cams are further so constructed that they move the work-carriers in a direction opposite to the thrust of the tool upon the work, through the medium of the bell-cranks referred to and opposite to the-direction of movement of the work carriers as they are transferredfrom station to station. These bell-cranks themselves may be used as abutments for the various work-carriers, and, in fact, do constitute abutments for the purpose stated and engage the heads in. line with the v thrust of the tools on the work; but, if they 

